The Issue Of Gun Control Laws - 1407 Words

On Wednesday June 18, 2015 nine shot dead at a historical black church in Charleston, South Dakota and only a month later on July 16, 2015 in Chattanooga, Tennessee with five dead leaving citizens devastated. The past year contains more than 350 mass shootings, averaging 1.02 shootings per day and continuous growing number of deaths, multiple mass shootings around the world leaving dozens of victims in its path. There is no exact definition of mass shootings, but most sources believe it is when four or more people are shot in one location. Citizens in America are easily able to obtain a gun and the growing issue is whether this should change and stronger laws in place. Although citizens believe gun control laws take away second amendment and right to protect themselves, mass shootings are increasing yearly and action needs to happen to prevent the next attack. America’s at a high with the country being the most dangerous with firearms, causing mass murder and homicide compared among other countries around the world. A Professor at University of Alabama states â€Å"The U.S. represents less than 5% of the 7.3 billion global population but accounted for 31% of global mass shooters during the period from 1966 to 2012, more than any other country†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Palazzolo and Flynn â€Å"U.S. Leads World in Mass Shootings†) In comparison to UK and Australia taking on stronger gun laws and willing to ban certain weapons and placing stricter background checks to make mass shootings lessShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws861 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment has the responsibility to protect people. Currently, the gun violence has threatened the American public safety, people used gun to kill many people for their own interests. The United States constitution believes Americans have their own gun to protect themselves. Some people said guns will protect their life easily. Whether, America should have strict gun control laws or not bring abou t the debate in society. Gun issue is not only a big problem from United States, it’s also a big problemRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1701 Words   |  7 PagesA gun has the capacity to convert a conflict into a serious crime. The power of a gun is vast. But it the power of the gun is appreciated in right hands. The effects of a gun can be cherished when it is used by right hands and with the right intention. The effects of the gun are condemned when it reaches in wrong hands. A gun can protect as well as end someone’s life. When it ends the life of a criminal, it is a sign of bravery but when it takes the lives of innocent people it is condemned. ThereforeRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1410 Words   |  6 Pagesto have and remain fight prepared. Regardless, this has remained a basic issue since decades. There have been a lot of senseless murders and killings around the United States. With better gun control laws in effect these killings and murders would not have been possibl e. The government, the states, and the people all need to work together to come to a solution to prevent things like this in the future. Better gun control laws would mean less killings and murders happening around the world. Think ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1536 Words   |  7 Pagesright to bear arms. This Amendment, when written had no limitations or constraints, however there seems to be more laws than ever trying to govern or ban the carrying and even ownership of firearms as a whole. Many say that the reasons for the attempt of gun control laws are due to the safety of the public nevertheless if you look at the statistics themselves it shows that armed law bidding citizens stop more violent crime involving and not involving firearms if armed than the police department,Read MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws852 Words   |  4 PagesIn about every nation, gun control has always been an issue of controversy. Gun control laws are quite different from country to count ry, each possessing different requirements, specifications, and ordinances, so on and so on. What will be examined are the specified gun control laws in three international countries, ranging from Canada, Australia, and Japan, as well as a comparison and contrast of the the similarities and unique differences toward American gun control laws and those in other countriesRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages GUN CONTROL LAWS There is a need in this country for gun control laws as well as benefits for the citizenry who own them. With the current state of our society these days, owning a gun has become a necessity for some, if not all, household. I, myself, conform for every household having a gun. Although we have our police force always ready to rescue anyone in distress, every second matters when we are facing face to face with danger. Granted that the authorities are already underway, having somethingRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws2761 Words   |  12 PagesOne of the most debated topics in the U.S. is about gun control laws. Constant dispute between citizens and the government shows that there are two sides; for or against control. Arguments, whether oral or written, point out various ways how it can either help or hurt our society here in the United States of America. Most people however agree by reinforcing these laws violates the citizen’s 2nd Amendment rights which states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free StateRead MoreEssay about The Issue of Stricter Gun Control Laws1861 Words   |  8 PagesThe issue of stricter gun control laws is an on-going battle that continues to be debated at both the local and federal levels. Regardless of one’s viewpoint on the matter, this subject makes for a very passionate debate on both sides. At question is whether or not stricter laws and regulations help reduce the number of gun-related crimes. Obviously, the answers vary greatly depending on the strongly held viewpoint of the responders. Often, horrible gun-related crimes are committed by peopleRead Moregun control research essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds.† The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t aware of this being an issue all over the UnitedRead MoreGun Control1724 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1302 5th march 2013 Sides of Crime Control Gun control laws have been surrounded by controversy since The Bill of Rights, including the Second amendment was passed in the congress. A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed, the founders wrote. Until recently there was considerable argument over just what the founders intended by their words. Did they mean to provide only for armed

Diversity Training Plan - 704 Words

Diversity Training Plan Jennifer Perez HRM/326 May 23, 2016 Diversity Training Plan Many employers are unaware of the benefits of and ways to achieve workplace diversity. This Diversity and inclusion training plan provides this information. This plan is designed to be presented by an individual who is knowledgeable in diversity and business strategies and who is familiar with the company’s strategic business plan. By the end of this training the employee should be able to provide a clear understanding of what diversity is and what it is not, to raise a greater awareness and sensitivity to diversity issues that go well beyond†¦show more content†¦Initiatives are presented along with measures to monitor and track progress. Objectives for the plan The company must develop retention programs, recruitment and outreach strategies that support our goal of being an employer of choice and one of the â€Å"Best Places to Work.† Our goal is to increase workforce diversity for the company while retaining the talent the company needs today and in the future. We must increase our use of both hiring flexibilities and workplace flexibilities to address issues of diversity and inclusion by doing the following (Diversity and Inclusion Plan, June 28, 2012). †¢ Implementing outreach and recruitment efforts to minority-serving institutions, and institutions with diverse student populations to promote the company’s mission, vision and functions. †¢ Developing and implementing an outreach plan to support all community segments (e.g., veterans, persons with disabilities, minorities, youth, women, etc.) for recruitment, information sharing, networking (creating connections) and public relations. †¢ Personally mentorin g, coaching and/or providing a support network to individuals from diverse backgrounds to build rapport, increase diversity awareness and sensitivity, and to pass on critical institutional knowledge. †¢ Ensuring that employees participate in formal career development activities and have individual development plans when needed and/or requested. †¢Show MoreRelatedHow Diversity Is Addressed Within My Current Work Environment806 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will explore the how diversity is addressed within my current work environment. For the past 21 years, I have been a Behavioral Health Assistance Service Director of a private, non-profit organization that provides community support services to children and adults in Pennsylvania with mental illness, intellectual disabilities, and autism. Our agency’s mission statement expresses our commitment to â€Å"enhancing the quality of life and personal growth of those we serve through support forRead MoreWhy A Diverse Workplace Matters?1093 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the success of an organization. Diversity means differences due to race, gender, ethnic groups, age, personality, tenure, organizational function, educational background, etc. Diversity involves how people perceive themselves and how they perceive others. These perceptions affect their interactions. Why a diverse workplace matters? / Benefits of workplace diversity An organization’s success and competitiveness depends upon it’s ability to embrace diversity and realize it’s benefits. Due to diversRead MoreThe Organization s Success With Diversity1729 Words   |  7 PagesLove into a leading organization in diversity initiatives. As stipulated in her will in order to receive the full gift Love Enterprise needs to have a solid action plan in place as well as specific ways to measure the organization’s success with diversity. In the following paragraphs I will discuss what course of action I would take in developing an action plan, then I will discuss the various tools and modes I would use to measure the success of the action plan. Love Enterprises is an organizationRead MoreThe Five Person Group Into Sub Teams1465 Words   |  6 Pagesregular basis aided in my ability to view the situation from a 30,000 foot level. I helped to formulate the organizational analysis questions: How does the goal of diversity training align to organizational objectives and strategy? Why is diversity training important for ZF to conduct? How does ZF define diversity? Do you need to leverage diversity for performance improvement? I was sensitive to picking up clues on what was in it for the HR Director, her departmental goals, as well as personal motivationsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Elr Media Group1655 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar job experience before. Employee training is the responsibility of the organization, and the responsibility of management is to provide the right resources and an environment that supports the growth and development needs of all employees. There is a growing competition among businesses in marketing indu stry, a lack of training in the employees can make the difference between maintaining success and ultimate failure. Moreover, without providing proper training among employees and interns, it isRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Workplace921 Words   |  4 Pageshnology-diversity-social-science-research/24002013/ Technology companies are still having a hard time implementing diversity within the work environment. Although these types of companies historically have not created an environment in which diversity flourishes. Current lawsuits for discrimination and harassment are causing technology companies to relook at their policies. Will these new policies and procedures be enough to diversify the technology world? As the article, Diversity: Tech companiesRead MoreOrganizational Change - Kodak1770 Words   |  8 Pagespractices at Toyota to develop this demand-driven supply chain and with this they created a better approach where they linked customer service and customer segmentation with demand policies instead of sales or forecasting on the demand side. This new plan helped eliminate waste by making the goal to reduce inventory and costs (Hickey, 2007). Management enlisted the assistance of members from every key department: supply chain, manufacturing, purchasing, and logistics, and t hey were brought togetherRead MoreEssay on Walgreens Diversity Issues1644 Words   |  7 PagesWalgreens diversity issues: A weakness that was gained subsequent to the information gathered from research and surveys is that as a company it is true that diversity is practiced but may differ at stores; stores tend to lack a wide range of diversity. One may ask how that is possible. Let me explain stated Wasson, â€Å"We understand that we serve our customer and patient best when our workforce and suppliers reflect our communities† (Walgreens.com/diversity) which may be beneficial on a financial stanceRead MoreEmployee Training Plan For Employees1716 Words   |  7 Pages Employee Training Plan Executive Summary ï‚ § The Employee Training Plan creates a strategy to provide employee-training resources with its organizational priorities. ï‚ § This plan establishes a standardized plan to meeting the training needs for all employee in the organization. ï‚ § Training is linked to the mission, goals and outcomes of organization. It is developed in partnership with the stakeholders and CEO’s requesting the training. ï‚ § There is a shared delivery system consisting of facilitiesRead MoreManagement : Management Careers And Diversity Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Careers and Diversity Introduction Ongori and Agolla (2007) state that managing workforce diversity in an organization is a complex phenomenon. They suggest that with the current organizational transformations being implemented across the globe, management of workforce diversity cannot be downplayed. Diversity in the workforce is based on the acknowledgement of the reality that people are different in more than one way, mainly in terms of culture and ethnicity, personality, religion

Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents Free Essays

Introduction Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem in the treatment of bacterial infection. Bacterial resistance is a mechanism by which bacterial are able to overcome antibiotic meant to destroy or kill them, these bacterial multiply to cause disease in humans figure 1 (Patrick, 2003) Figure1 the non antimicrobial resistance and non antimicrobial resistance Although the most resistant bacterium can be inhibited or destroyed by using a high concentration of antibiotic, subjects on the other hand may not be able to bear the high concentration of antibacterial agents that may be required treat some bacterial infection or disease. Bacterial species differ in their susceptibility to an antibiotic or antibiotics. We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance some strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in Britain are inhibited by 0.01mg/l of benzyl penicillin thus the minimum inhibitory concentration, and that of Escherichia coli, a dose 32-64mg/l is needed to inhibit the growth or kill the bacterial but this becomes highly toxic to the human body cannot manage. This opens the view of clinical resistance, which is based on the on effect antibiotics on humans and misuse of antibiotics. Clinical resistance is therefore a process by which the type of infecting pathogenic bacterium, its point of attachment in the body, the distribution of antimicrobial in the body, its concentration at site of infection and the immune status of the subject interact(Gerard,2011). Bacterium uses enzymes, efflux pump, gene, helix ring as well as plasmid to defend itself or to develop resistant to antibiotics. (figure2) Figure 2 structure of a resistant bacterium Beta- lactamase Beta-lactams are of copies penicillin, a large group of antibiotics that are made up of all the antibiotic agents with a four ring in their molecular structure. The bacterial cell wall serves as a protective tool for the bacterial against any foreign substances such as antibacterial agents, from entering inside the bacterial to destroy its internal protective structures. The beta-lactam antibiotic works by blocking the cell wall synthesis of the bacterial. Douglas (2002), but bacterial develop resistance to beta lactam by attacking the four ring structure shown in blue in figure of the beta-lactam through an enzymatic reactions (figure1). Bacterial produce beta lactamase enzyme to breaks the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic and makes the antibiotic ineffective to block the bacterial cell wall synthesis and hence a resistance to the antibiotic (Miller et al., 2004). Figure3 structure of beta-lactam (www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/pages/A/Antibiotics) Mutation at the target sites Some antibiotics such as Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 16SrRNA and blocks the function of the ribosome but bacterial changes the 16SrRNA gene and limit the attraction of streptomycin to the 16S molecule bacterial mutate and acquire a new DNA. In imipenem resistant, Pseudomonosa aerugeninosa, lack the specific D2 porin and imipenem cannot break through the cell. Changing the main site of action may change the drug target in that antibiotic may enter the cell but may miss the target and may not be able to bind, the antibiotic may not be metabolised. This makes the antibiotic inactive in the bacteria and as result the bacterial develop tolerance (Springer et al., 2001). Enzymatic modification Ciprofloxacin act together with an enzyme gyrase to block its enzymatic action. An alteration in each the gene that is gyraseA or gyraseB would change the molecular arrangement of the gyrase and as such limit the binding affinity of the enzyme for ciprofloxacin. It therefore prevents the antibiotic from blocking the gyrase and this process enables the bacteria cell more resistant to the antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) (Gerard, 2005) Efflux of antibiotics from the cell by pump Other bacterial such as the Escherichia coli create a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) outflow pump gives the bacterial with resistance to antibiotics such as tetracycline, erythromycin or nalidic acid. The pump drives out the antibiotic from the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell and allows the bacterial to maintain the intracellular levels below the toxic or lethal concentrationThe MAR pump is made of proteins MarA and MarB, whose production is blocked by the controlling protein Mar. Poole (2000) These changes get rid of the suppression control of Mar and leads to much production of the Mar A and B efflux pump. The bacterial cell wall is able to get rid of higher concentrations of antimicrobial agents and as such become resistant to the antibiotic (Cohen et al., 1988). Acquired Resistance by alternate metabolic pathways Resistance in bacteria may be acquired when a bacterium is been exposed to antibiotic for a long period of time for example vancomycin resistance in Escherichia coli. This may be by mutation or by gaining a new DNA. Plasmids are copying pieces portion of DNA, slighter than the bacteria genome which programme their transfer by copying into another bacterial strain. These bacteria may then carry and transfer resistance gene which as part of the DNA.Viruses that infects bacterial bacteriophages can pass on resistance, especially in staphylococcus, DNA is released when bacterial dead bacterial is taken up by a viable bacterial and this is possibly route for the spread of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumonia. Bacterial possesses range of biochemical genetic systems for warranting the progression and diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Genes can appear by rapid transformation (Penrose, 1998). ‘Superbugs’ are used to describe a bacterium or microorganism that is able to resistant more than one or more commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria resistance to antibiotics are grouped according to the type of antimicrobial agent that they resist. The most common groups are: MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to mithescilin ) VRE (Entrococcus species resistant to vancomycin); these type of bacteria live in the bowel and usually cause infection such as pneumonia, heart or wound in subjects with weak immune system or subjects with chronic disease such as diabetes. PRSP (Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to penicillin); ESBLs (Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria resistant to cephalosporin and Monobactams) (Gerard, 2011) Treatment of superbugs MRSA is a type of Staphylococcus aureus has develops a resistant to antibacterial activity of methicillin and the other penicillins Staphylococcus aureus may cause infection in the blood or on the skin disease such. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is effective for the treatment of MRSA. It is hard and large molecule that blocks the last step of bacterial cell wall synthesis through hydrogen bonds with D-alanyl-D-alamine end of the peptodoglycan (PDG) side chains(Reynolds,1989)). Subjects infected with MRSA are treated with vancomycin but very painful through the intramuscular route and a rapid administration into the veins may cause an allergic reaction called the red-man syndrome, therefore a slow infusion of 50mk/kg is given two times daily for 7 days. Daptomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that has been approved by the American food and drug Administration for the treatment of MRSA, VRE and PSBP. It binds irreversibly to the bacteria cell membrane and depolarise it and m ore Potassium ions move out of the cell to create an inbalance of the ion-concentration gradient. Currently, Daptomycin shows no cross-resistance. A dose of 4-6mg/kg is administered once daily for 7 days. It is not metabolised in the liver. Daptomycin interacts with the HMG-6A reductase inhibitors such as statin. Nausea, constipation and headache are the main side effects associated with the use of Daptomycin. Quinupristin was well used in the year 2000 for the treatment of hospital acquired infection. Quinupristin main function was to interfere with both the early and the last phase of bacterial protein synthesis but the major problem was that it has to required slow infusion for a large volume fluid just as vancomycin and as such could only be used for inpatients subjects(Despoina and Jordi,2006)). Dancer, an oral Streptogramin has been was developed and out 53 subjects 39 were successfully cured of MRSA infection. A new glycopeptide, MDL63246 with a similar mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics as vancomycin is under early stages of development and would be more effective at lower dosages than vancomycin and less side effects. (Franz-Joseph and Mark, 1997) A new approach for VRE treatment is the blocking of oxazoliddines from flowing out of the bacterial cell and broad spectrum pumps of Gram negative bacterial is being studied for future treatment of VRE. (Livermore, 2003).Linezolid belongs to the oxazolinones class of antibiotics and it binds to the 50S ribosomal segment and blocks bacterial protein synthesis. can be administered intravenously or orally .Through the oral administration, a subject is given 600mg two times daily for 10-14 days and 600mg 30-120 minutes twice daily for one week for intravenous route. Moxifloxacin is a drug of choice for the treatment of PRSP It work by inhibiting DNA synthesis by enhancing cleavage of DNA of the bacterial DNA enzyme complex of the DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase figure. The dose regime is based on the type of infection, for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis a 400mg of Moxifloxacin is given daily for 10 days and 400mg daily dose of Moxifloxacin for 7-14 days is used treat community acquired pneumonia by Streptococcus sp. Figure3 the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones (www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents Tigecycline is currently used to treat ESBPLs treat Gram negative enteric rod such as E. coli and Gram negative bacilli such as the Pseudomonas spp. Tigecycline interfere with the bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the 30S of the ribosomal subunit and this 100mg load dose is given initially and 50mg subsequent dose of every 12 hours is administered for seven days (figure3). (Wunderink et al., 2003) Figure3 Tigecycline binding to Ribosome 30S subunit at:www.mecritcalcare.net/AntimicrobialAgent. Conclusion Bacteria or microbes are constantly reproducing at a faster and becoming resistant to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis new and more potent antibiotics would have to be developed to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. Identification of natural products and knowing their biosynthesis from the bacterial source would enable scientist to find well defined antibiotic structures to that could kill or destroy all kinds of bacterial. Scientist may target ribose DNA, RNA or the peptodoglycan. Reference Brumfit, W.and Hamilton-Miller, J. (1989) Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Eng J Med 320:1188-1196 Cohen, S.P., McMurry, L.M. and Levy, S.B. (1988) marA locus causes decreased expression of OmpF porin in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 170:5416-5422 Despoina, K.and Jordi, R. (2006) Hospital –acquired pneumonia in the 21st century: a review of existing treatment options and their impact on patient care. Expert Opin.Pharmacother 7 12) 1555-1569 Douglas, N.F. (2002) Extended-Interval Dosing of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in critically ill patients. Journal of Pharmacy Practice15:85-95 Franz-Joseph, S.and Mark, E.J. (1997) Antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by MRSA and elimination of MRSA carriage: What are the choicesInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 9:1-19 Gerald, D.W. (2005) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: Enzymatic degradation and of modification. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews 57:1451-1470 Gerald, D.W. (2011) Molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Chem.Commun. 47:4055-4061 Livermore, D.M. (2003) Linezolid in vitro mechanism and Antimicrobial spectrum. Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy 51:9-16 Miller,C.,Thomsen,C.G.,Mosseri,H.I. and Cohen,S.N.(2004) SOS response induction by ?-lactams and bacterial defence against antibiotic lethality. Science 305:1629-1631 Patrick, F.M.D (2003) Antimicrobials: Modes of Action and mechanism of resistance. International Journal of Toxicology 22:135-143 Penrose, E. (1998) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics-a case of unnatural selection. Creation research Society Quarterly 35:76-83 Peter, N.B. and Morris, J.B (2008) Clinical Pharmacology.edn 10.Churchil Livinstone.london Poole, K.(2000) Efflux-mediated resistance to Floroquinolones in-gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44:2877-3884 Reynolds, P.E. (1989) Structure, biochemistry and mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics.EurJ.clin Micr infection.Dis 8:943-950 SpringerB.,Kidan,Y.P.,Prammananan,K.E.,Bottger,E.C. and Sander,P.(2001) Mechanism of streptomycin resistance: selection of mutation in the 16S rRNA gene conferring resistance . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45:2877-2884 ww w.web-books.com/MoBio/free/ch8A.htm www.mecriticalcare,net/downloads/Dcourse/AntimicrobialAgents www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/Pages/A/Antibiotic How to cite Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents, Essay examples

Business Management Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF)

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Business Management of Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF) . Answer: Strategic contexts of Lafarge Tarmac Introduction Considering the construction business, there are two main things, which are required to be dealt with viz., the risks involved with the business processes along with the professional skills and high costs (Franks et al. 2014). However, the global construction companies are committed to their respective works by finding an appropriate way such that to conduct the construction processes in an eco friendly and sustainable manner. It should be noted that the UK is one of the most finely constructed countries in the world where the main credit for the same goes to the professional skills and the capabilities that the construction companies impart in the country. The company well knew entire UK for its role in construction business. Vision, objectives, and goals of the company The mission of the company is to be the first choice for the building materials and services for its customers around the world by providing them with the essential needs for the development. Basic vision of the company is to remain sustainable in the market with dedication to implement safety on the construction sites. In addition, the values of the construction company are diversified relating to the construction business. The company aims at developing a strategy, which needs to be playing a significant aspect in the business cycle. According to the annual report of the company in 2013, the company had stated safety to be the utmost priority such that the company would be focusing more on the safety in the construction process even before the revenue and profits (Coscelli and Horrocks 2014). The objectives of the company are to protect the environment. The main vision of the company is to operate its business processes in such a way that it is enhanced in the future with the minim um effect in the environment. Issues involved in the strategic planning of Lafarge Tarmac Strategic planning issues An effective strategic plan requires the manager to properly plan before executing the same. It is the responsibility of the manager to implement an effective strategy such that to enhance the construction process of the company in an eco friendly manner. This could be achieved by implementing the latest technology within the business process (Floros 2015). Lafarge Tarmac aims at implementing the safety of the environment within its construction process. The managers are also required to implement an effective strategy planning such that to meet with the demand and expectations of the customers. Strategic thinking: Ansoffs growth vector matrix Products Markets Existing New Market penetration Product development Existing Building reputation value added chain Repositioning Exposure to international market New Market development Diversification Use of digital technology hosting global events strategic partnership gaining competitive advantage Table 1: Ansoff growth matrix Source: Created by author From the analysis of the above Ansoff matrix, it can be evident that the strategy of the Lafarge Tarmac Company is governed by four factors. The market penetration strategy deals in understanding the needs of the customers such that to grow its existing roots in the market. The main aim of the company is to provide the best products and services to its customers such that to meet with their expectations. The market development strategy would thus, enable the company to expand the business and explore on the global market. Planning system: Lafarge Tarmac, as a part of the wider growth strategy, has plans to acquire Tarmac Building products from Anglo Americans, which could help in increasing the foot printing of the company in the fast growing rejuvenated market like the construction of a house (Bon et al. 2013). During the stabilization and integration phases, the company needs to maintain an effective relationship with its customers (Mende et al. 2013). This approach would be enabling the company to continue its legacy in the construction sector by improving on the customer service in the future as well. The managers are required to be trained such that to conduct portfolio analysis for the construction company, which could enable them in developing appropriate strategies for enhancing the growth, rate of the firm in the rapidly changing market. The development of an appropriate strategic plan requires the manager to implement various approaches including the upside down, bottom up and top down approaches. The manage rs should be implementing a combination of these approaches in order to meet with the objectives of planning an effective strategy for the organization. Planning techniques Appropriate tools for the growth share perspective of the organization Directional policy matrix The technique is significant in formulating an effective strategy by incorporating two most important elements. First element is the positioning of the company on the market. The position of the business in the market is also known as the capability if the market (Proctor 2014). This element helps in defining the strength of the company in the market. Lafarge Tarmac Company has very strong market recognition as it is one of the leading construct service companies in the UK. The second element is the positioning of the company in respective of its products in the market. Now use the matrix, Lafarge Tarmac can be considered as a very strong competitor in the construction sector. The products of the company are attractive for the customers. Thus, from the information being gathered from the matrix, it can be evident that Lafarge Tarmac is one of the strongest competitors in the construction industry and has every opportunity to grow in the competitive market. Thus, as per the directiona l policy metric, the managers are required to plan and implement an efficient strategy for facilitating the growth of the company in the market in the UK (Proctor 2014). Space matrix The matrix is one of the best techniques for reverse engineering. The matrices in quadrants that help in defining the strategies that are required be implemented by Lafarge Tarmac Company. The quadrants incorporated in the matrix are Aggressive, Defensive, Competitive, and Conservative (Tafti et al. 2013). The strategy of the company to be implemented depends on the nature of the market and the demand of the customers in the market. Lafarge Tarmac is one of the leading construction service provider in the UK market and hence, it need to be dominating in the market. Thus, the managers are required to implement an aggressive strategic plan for facilitating the growth of the company in the market. Produce an organizational audit for Lafarge Tarmac SWOT analysis Strengths Lafarge Tarmac is the leading service provider for the construction sector in the UK. The company is best known for its quality consecution products including cement and ready concrete cement. Weaknesses Though, the company provides the best quality products in the market, it lacks the implementation of the latest technology in its products. Moreover, the company does not implement diversification of its products. Opportunities Green living is what the majority of population are opting for in the present modern world (Shiva 2016). The company has been planning to incorporate the lasted technology in the production of the construction products, which could use less carbon content and hence, would be causing less pollution in the environment in the future. Threats The only threat that the company is facing is the threat for the competitors in the market who are better versed with the utilization of the latest technology in the manufacturing o their products (Bull et al. 2016). Value chain analysis The value chain analysis model implements the analysis of the activities of Lafarge Tarmac, which is followed by the evaluation of values at each step in the production. The evaluation of the value is conducted at the maximum potential. The managers are then, required to identify if any social change is required in the production process on the basis of the value being evaluated in the value chain technique (Jaligo et al. 2016). Analysing the business process of Lafarge Tarmac, it can be evident that the inbound logistics is the primary activity, which act as the raw materials for the company. The logistics includes the processing of tons of limestone for the production of cement. Moreover, the logistics of the company is highly valuable for the company, which includes the manufacturing of quality products. Marketing and sales of the company are the secondary activities, which are valuable for the company, helping in enhancing the profitability in the future. The managers of the comp any are required to implement the strategies such that to enhance the productivity of the business processes involved with the manufacturing process (Jaligo et al. 2016). They are also required to implement an effective marketing strategy, which could be helpful in promoting the products in the market and increasing the growth and profitability of company in the future. Scenario planning The scenario planning or scenario analysis is used by the organizations such that to ensure long term plans for the business (Stewart et al. 2013). The Lafarge Tarmac is a provider of services and products related to the construction sector, which aims at incorporating the latest technology within its business processes. Thus, the managers are required to plan and implement an effective business strategy based on the existing technology and materials for a longer term. Product Position The product positioning strategy is the technique, which incorporates the comparison of the products with the competitive substitutes in the market (Gao et al. 2013). As Lafarge Tarmac is the leading provider of the construction product and services and hence, should be having a high level of opportunity to enhance its growth and profitability in the market. Strategic positioning: There are many tools, which could be used by the managers to evaluate the strategic positioning of the company in the market. One of the effective tools for evaluating the position of the company in the market is the Ansoff matrix. Ansoff matrix First task in the matrix includes the evaluation of the market penetration. Lafarge Tarmac has signed the deals with the Holcim Ltd, which is itself a leading company in the cement industry. Second is the matrix development, which is conducted in order to evaluate the ability of the company to explore and sustain in the new market. The third part of the matrix is the product development, which could be helping in the development of the existing products and launching of new products in the market. The fourth matrix is the diversification, which can be defined as the combination of all other three parts of the Ansoff matrix (Hussain et al. 2013). Environmental audit for Lafarge Tarmac PESTLE Political The political section includes the impact on the business performance of the company in case the UK government launches some new policy of taxation for the construction sector. Economic Economic environment is very crucial for Lafarge Tarmac as the economic condition of the country and demand of the customers during a specified time would be deciding on the sustainability and profitability of the company. Social The company has planned to incorporate the health and safety of the individuals working in its business environment. This is an important factor, which deals with the safety of the individuals by providing the same with the utmost priority, Technological The technology is another important aspect, which could help the company in renovating its products in the market. Environmental The environment is yet another significant aspect, which requires the company to consider the same such that to minimise the effect of gather construction processes on the environment (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). Porters 5 forces Threat of the competition by new entrants Lafarge Tarmac is the leading service provider of the construction products in the UK. Moreover, the merging of the company with the leading cement producer in the market has created a barrier for the new companies to enter into the merely. Threat of the competition from existing companies A stated earlier, the company has been the leading construction service provider in the market such that it is able to gain more market penetration than its competitors are. Bargaining power of the customer The company has been implementing various strategies and has planned to incorporate the latest technology within its manufacturing process such that to meet with the expectations of the customers. Bargaining power of the suppliers The company maintains a healthy relationship with the suppliers in order to get quality goods. This could help the company in manufacturing the best products in the market. Rivalry As the company is the leading company in the construction sector, it is obvious that the company has to experience serious competition by the existing companies in the market. However, owing to the unique strategic implementation, the company has been able to sustain in the market in a very shorter time (Anton 2015). Significance of stakeholder analysis Stakeholders Requirements Objectives Management Board Guiding the proper implementation of the strategies Facilitating the construction company with skillful resources Managers checking whether the strategic implementation is conducting properly reducing down on the production costs associated with the construction project Employees Implementing the latest technology in the construction project increasing the productivity of the construction company Suppliers Supplying quality raw materials including Limestone for the manufacturing of quality cement Maximizing the productivity of the business Table: Stakeholder analysis Source: Created by author Possible alternative strategies related to the substantial growth, limited growth for Lafarge Substantive growth strategies: The substantive growth is also very successful way to grow in the market. Sustainable growth can be prove out be very beneficial for Lafarge Tarmac which would be helping in covering up the deficiencies in its business processes (Mitchelmore and Rowley 2013). Considering the construction business, there are two main things, which are required to be dealt with viz., the risks involved with the business processes along with the professional skills and high costs. However, the global construction companies are committed to their respective works by finding an appropriate way such that to conduct the construction processes in an eco friendly and sustainable manner. The market penetration strategy deals in understanding the needs of the customers such that to grow its existing roots in the market. The main aim of the company is to provide the best products and services to its customers such that to meet with their expectations. The market development strategy would thus, enable the compan y to expand the business and explore on the global market Lafarge Tarmac, as a part of the wider growth strategy, has plans to acquire Tarmac Building products from Anglo Americans, which could help in increasing the foot printing of the company in the fast growing rejuvenated market like the construction of a house (Bon et al 2013). During the stabilization and integration phases, the company needs to maintain an effective relationship with its customers. This approach would be enabling the company to continue its legacy in the construction sector by improving on the customer service in the future as well. The managers are required to be trained such that to conduct portfolio analysis for the construction company, which could enable them in developing appropriate strategies for enhancing the growth, rate of the firm in the rapidly changing market (Hollensen 2015). The company, being the leader in the provision of quality products in the construction sector, it could grow sustainability in the market. The most commonly practiced techniques involved with the substantial growth are the merger an acquisitions. However, the main disadvantage of the substantial growth strategy is that there could arise a financial problem post the merging of two companies. Disinvestment strategy The disinvestment strategy would be helping in enhancing the business performance of the company, which could help it to become more stable financially (Garca-Armesto et al. 2013). The company has been dealing with the production of wider range of products including cement, concrete, and bricks. However, the competition commission is requiring the company to be focusing on one of its products in order to impart more quality on the product. As a matter of consequence, the company has planned to focus on the cement by merging with the leading cement manufacturer, Holcim. Three strategies from the perspective of the competition commission and the shareholders Market entry strategies: Market entry strategy for the company include its merging with the leading cement producer in the UK, Holcim. This alliance with the organization has helped the company to launch its products in the UK market (Holtbrgge and Baron 2013). However, the company should be looking forward to licensing for its branches such that to enhance its growth in the market. Limited growth strategies: An effective strategic plan requires the manager to properly plan before executing the same. It is the responsibility of the manager to implement an effective strategy such that to enhance the construction process of the company in an eco friendly manner (Grant 2016). This could be achieved by implementing the latest technology within the business process. Lafarge Tarmac aims at implementing the growth strategies within its construction process. The managers are also required to implement an effective strategy planning such that to meet with the demand and expectations of the customers. Growth strategy: Lafarge Tarmac, as a part of the wider growth strategy, has plans to acquire Tarmac Building products from Anglo Americans, which could help in increasing the foot printing of the company in the fast growing rejuvenated market like the construction of a house. During the stabilization and integration phases, the company needs to maintain an effective relationship with its customers. This approach would be enabling the company to continue its legacy in the construction sector by improving on the customer service in the future as well. The managers are required to be trained such that to conduct portfolio analysis for the construction company, which could enable them in developing appropriate strategies for enhancing the growth, rate of the firm in the rapidly changing market (Grant 2016). The development of an appropriate strategic plan requires the manager to implement various approaches including the upside down, bottom up and top down approaches. The managers shoul d be implementing a combination of these approaches in order to meet with the objectives of planning an effective strategy for the organization Appropriate future strategy Most feasible strategy suitable for Lafarge Strategy selection: Lafarge Tarmac is the joint venture and has signed for merging with Holcim Ltd. and hence the best option for the organization would be to diversify in the countries other than the UK. In this sense, the diversification would be the best option to diversification would be the best option of growth for the company (Pachur and Galesic 2013). The diversification strategy would be helping in the growth of the company in the market but also gain the competitive advantage over the competitors. The strategy of diversification would be thus, highly acceptable for the Lafarge Tarmac. Comparing the role sand responsibilities for strategy implementation Strategists and their responsibilities Management Committee The management committee is the most important stakeholder of the Lafarge Tarmac who would be responsible for implementing the strategies within the work culture of the company (Kerzner 2013). The main responsibility of the committee would be to implement the process determination. The committee would also be responsible for evaluating the improvement during the management of the controlling function. Board of Directors One of the most important strategies involved with the strategic implementation of the Lafarge Tarmac Company would be the Board of Directors (Knyazeva et al. 2013). The activities involved with the strategic implementation of the Directors would be the design the mission statements. Marketing managers The marketing managers are responsible for facilitating the strategic implementation with tin the workplace by conducting the environmental analysis (Lantos 2015). The analysis would be conducted by implementing the surveys and interviews. Strategic managers The strategic managers would be responsible for the evaluating the competitive advantage of the company in the market (Hill et al. 2014). The managers would also be responsible for analyzing the market on the basis of the financial reports of the company. Strategy Practice model There are three basic influences of the business operations involved with the strategy pricing model in Lafarge Tarmac includes the culture, system and structure of the company. The impact of the influences on the business operations has been described below as: Strategy implementation Culture The culture as evident in the workplace environment of the company is influenced by the strategies being implemented in the workplace (Moghaddam and Russ 2015). The strategy of the company to provide the best quality products and services to its customers should be reflecting in the work culture and employees for getting the strategy to be oriented with one common objective. Structure The three aspects, which have a deep impact owing to the strategic implementation in the workplace, includes the decision making, communication and coordination among the different teams in Lafarge Tarmac. The employees would be required to be responsible for changing in a positive way for increasing the productivity of the company in the future (Black and Kim 2012). System The systems involved with the various business processes of the company would be having an impact owing to the implementation of the new strategies. This implementation would be responsible for creating a greater impact on the output of the organization. The strategies would also affect the employees and the integrating system of the company as well (Cina 2013). The realization of the strategic plans should be implemented by implicating a proper communication of the strategy plan with the employees of the company. Resource requirements to implement a new strategy a.) Resource allocation: Finance As Lafarge Tarmac has been established by the venture between two market leaders of the construction industry, the assets of the organization are double the value of its liabilities. Thus, the financing would not be an issue for the company to implement the strategic implementation within the workplace. However, the financial manager is required to estimate the budget for the implementation of the implementation project within the specific timeline. Human Resources The human resource manager is required to manage the resources of the company by allocating the tasks according to the capabilities of the individuals. The main responsibility of the human resource manager would be to explore on the performance of the individual according to their potentials such that to ensure the successful implementation of the strategies. Physical resources Infrastructure and raw materials for the manufacturing process of the products are highly valuable assets of the company. The strategy of the company to manufacture quality construction products would depend on the quality of the limestone and other raw materials being supplied by the suppliers of the company. Targets for achievement in a given organisation to monitor a given strategy. The targets for achieving and monitoring the strategy of Lafarge Tarmac includes the tools of evaluation, theoretical standpoints and the targets to be evaluated in the strategic implementation process. Benchmarking The benchmarks for the monitoring of the given strategy within the work culture of the company would be evaluate the perforce of the entire business process by comparing the performance of the organization with the performance of entire construction solution providers in the industry. SWOT analysis The strategists are required to evaluate if the strategies being implemented in the work culture actually, help in increasing the strengths of the company. It the strategies are evaluated to be increasing the weaknesses of the company, then, the managers should not be continuing to implement the same within the business processes of the company. 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